3-4 ADAR History Essay - 1461 Words

Many Air Defense units today have a long history that runs deep with accolades and awards. One of these units is 3-4-ADAR. Third Battalion (Bn.) Fourth Air Defense Artillery Regiment (3-4 ADAR) is the most decorated Air Defense unit in the world. The Air Defense Branch is a relatively young branch by comparison. The ADA Branch originates from the Field Artillery Branch. AD did not become a branch of its own until technology advances made it necessary for a change. As plains started becoming a part of combat, the more need there was for AD. Our branch became its own, as air superiority became the deciding factor in winning wars. 3-4 ADAR origins of excellence begins with the War of 1812. Tensions were very high with the†¦show more content†¦In an effort to deal with this piracy and clear shipping routes, the United States sent the Navy to deal with the buccaneers. Btry. C participated in this conflict as navel gunfire on one of the aggressing American ships. 3-4 ADA R’s participation earned the unit a battle streamer with a bronze star authorized by the U.S. Navy. (U.S. Army Center of Military History) Before the start of the Mexican-American War, there were only four companies equipped with light artillery. Most of their light horse artillerymen were equipped with six pound, smoothbore bronze guns. Company D, 4th Bn. (a predecessor of 3-4 ADAR) was one of these units. On 3 March 1847, three more companies became equipped as light horse artillerymen. (The Mexican-American War, 1846-1848) 3-4 ADAR participated in eight battles during the Mexican War. The battles accredited to the unit during this time are Palo Alto, Resaca de la Palma, Monterey, Vera Cruz, Cerro Gordo, Contreras, Chapultepec, and Tamaulipas. (U.S. Army Center of Military History) 3-4 ADAR would be involved in several battles with the Native Americans during the American expiation. Several included those against the Creeks and Seminoles before the Civil War. 3-4 ADAR continued its strong history during the years of the Civil War as well. Company C participated in 24 separate campaigns during the Civil War. Some of these campaigns would include battles veryShow MoreRelatedUnilateral Sequential Versus Bilateral Simultaneous Endoscopic Thoracic Sympathectomy2819 Words   |  12 Pagesof unknown etiology with estimated incidence of 0.6% to 1%.(2) Since its first introduction by Kux, (3) endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy (ETS) is considered a safe, simple, and effective method for treatment of PH. Although ETS offers permanent cure of hyperhidrosis, compensatory hyperhidrosis (CH) often complicates the procedure. CH occurs in 59.8-90% of patients after sympathetic surgery, (4-6) and is manifested by increased sweating in parts of the body other than the hands, such as the backRead MoreSummary : The Scripture 2352 Words   |  10 PagesAhasuerus, striking the king’s fancy. In chapter 3, someday, the king promoted Haman to set him above the every official, so every person except for the king needed to bow down to him through the king’s edict. Haman realized that Mordecai did not bow to him and that he is the Jew. Hence, Haman were outraged and decided to kill all Jews. To realize his plan, He fell a lot to choose the date to kill the Jews. It was the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, Adar. Then, he went to the king and lied the king

Friedrich Nietzche Essays - 1406 Words

Friedrich Nietzche was born in Rocken. He spent much of his time alone, reading the Bible. Nietzsche’s father died in 1849. The young man withdrew deeper into religion. Friedrich received a scholarship to Schulpforta, an elite prepatory school with only 200 students, in October 1858. The scholarship as intended to fund Nietzche’s training for the clergy. His mother, Franziska, and his young sister, Elizabeth, are dedicated to Friedrich’s success, certain of his future. At the age of 18,Nietzsche lost his faith in traditional religion. His faith received a fatal blow when he found philosophy. In 1865 Nietzsche discovered Schopenhauer’s World as Will and Idea. The work forever challenged Nietzsche’s view of the world. Schopenhauer’s†¦show more content†¦This time the army refused him due to his poor eyesight, in addition to his weak upper body. Nietzsche found it possible to serve as a medic, allowing him as close to medicine as his nature would ever allow. As he quickly learned, Nietzsche did not like the sight of blood, and the suffering of others made him ill. He eventually fell ill, possibly due to stress, and was sent home. The Birth of Tragedy out of the Spirit of Music was published in 1872. With the publication of The Birth of Tragedy, Nietzsche returned to Baasle to lecture. The work became a subject of ridicule in academic circles, but the nobility and nationalists loved it. Nietzsche became a celebrity, standing he put to work on behalf of his friend Wagner. The two men were able to convince the government to fund the construction of the Bayreuth theatre, which would feature Wagner’s works. The Bayreuth was completed in 1876. On August 12, 1876, the Emperor arrived to hear Wagner’s The Ring of Nibelung, a work Wagner considered his masterpiece. To his dismay, Nietzsche found he hated the work. He made an excuse to depart, and promptly took a vacation to reconsider his opinion of Wagner’s music and Prussian culture in general. At least Nietzsche was not alone: the long multi-day performance proved a failure financially and in terms of attendance. Wagner’s public star faded†¦at least for a bit. Physically and mentally, Nietzsche collapsed in 1879. He was certain death was near and even arranged hisShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Brave Souls By Friedrich Nietzche1514 Words   |  7 PagesBrave souls seek to define life: a subject so broad it seems nearly impossible to define by any means. However, there exists a set of human beings who seek to uproot any conventional thought on the definition of life. 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The metamorphosisRead MoreThe Making Of Evil1251 Words   |  6 Pages Lauren Mlouhi Ms. Herrera English AP (7) 13 December 2015 The Making of Evil The conception of evil is an inevitable topic that has been argued for centuries and will be for more to come. But what is immorality? Friedriche Nietzche believed that turpitude is solely dependent on one’s own personal perception and is stimulated by one’s desires. In British Literature we are commonly introduced to characters that have developed from foulness as an outcome of obtaining what they want. According toRead MoreMaster Morality vs. Slave Morality: Neiztche867 Words   |  4 PagesMorality: Neiztche Wikipedia defines morality as â€Å"a system of principles and judgments based on cultural, religious, and philosophical concepts and beliefs, by which humans determine whether given actions are right or wrong.† (Wikipedia Morality) Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche, a German philosopher thought up of the idea that there are two moralities; The master and slave morality. 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The Hunting Ground An Exploration Of The Issues,...

Within the non-fictitious text of the documentary film The Hunting Ground, viewers witness an exploration of the issues, discourses, and institutional responses –or lack thereof- surrounding on-campus rape in American college and universities. Indeed, a large portion of the filmic text dedicates itself to exploring the overrepresentation of university athletes in perpetuating crimes of rape, sexual violence, and sexual assault against female students. Furthermore, the film seeks to delineate the ways via which university athletes are accorded an equal disproportionate level of leigh way when it comes to institutional responses, and public discourse surrounding crimes of rape and sexual violence. These discourses and institutional non-responses will serve as the starting point for this essay, Indeed, whilst most cases of rape -regardless of the perpetrator’s profession- still largely end in victim-blaming, cases of rape and sexual violence where the perpetrator is a prof essional and/or a university athlete produce a very nuanced and complex set of discourses. This paper will explore how these discourses, in and of themselves, are generated in a manner that circumscribe experiences of embodied masculinized athletic subjectivity vis-à  -vis the rejection, perpetration, and penetration of that which is feminine or feminized. It is important to note here, that a masculine defined by the rejection of the feminine- that is the masculine as an experience of subjectivity requiringShow MoreRelatedOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesresult oriented but also to be wise in their decision making. 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Step towards Reducing Obesity by Good Cycles-Samples for Students

Question: Prepare a Marketing Plan for the next 12 months for a Social Enterprise in Australia. Answer: Introduction: The aim of the report is to prepare a marketing plan for the next 12 months for a social enterprise in Australia. Good Cycles has been selected as the social enterprise. Good Cycles was founded by Loretta Curtin and Luke Wright with the inspiration of growing a non-profit organisation. The organisation offers practical and time saving services to the cyclists of Melbourne. The organisation has its own Dockland bike shop, service centres and workshops (Goodcycles.org 2017). They offer cycle servicing while the owner remains at their respective works in offices, Universities or any other public places. In addition to this, they also teach the cyclists about bike maintenance in order encourage people to deliver a bicycle-based community. Based on the detailed situational and market analysis, a marketing plan for Good Cycles will be framed. Situational Analysis Micro environment: Economic environment: With a GDP of $1.1 trillion and a growth of 2.5%, the economic condition of Australia is at a stable condition (Solomon 2014). The country also attracts foreign investment in major industries. The financial crisis is substantially lower than other countries. Technological environment: Advancement in the technology has resulted in better communication and marketing approach. In fact, there has been improvement in the design and structure of the vehicles as well. So, there is opportunity for the company to use technological advancement in improving its products and service. Legal/Regulatory environment: The strong law on property rights has helped to reduce the corruption. The Australian taxation system is also favourable towards the non-profit organisations. They enjoy income tax exemption, goods and service tax concessions and even deductable gift receipt status. Political environment: The NGOs in Australia are expected abide by the legal obligations of Australia. The Australian Aid Program's Fraud Policy Statement also stresses to inform and report about the fraud cases related to NGOs (Armstrong et al. 2015). Socio-Cultural environment: Australia is internationally competitive in terms of its services, technologies as well as high-value-added manufacturing goods. With the total population of 23.9 million, people are well concern about their health as well as the environmental condition. Environmental factor: The decreasing amount of natural resources accompanied by factors like global warming has created an alarming situation for the people to transform their regular habit that is more environmental friendly. Competitive environment Industry: The Non-Profit Organisations in Australia is facing challenges due to the downturn of the global economic condition. This situation has contributed to resourcing pressures for the non-profit sectors. It is a common problem that the non-profit organisations face lower returns on the funds invested that tightens the corporate budget. In addition to this, Australia has seen rise in the rate of unemployment that has also created a significant constraints on the ability of this industry towards the global financial crisis. However, as argued by Wilken et al. (2015), there are some NGOs that work for the health, community support and the welfare of the people who get significant support from the government as well. Keeping the downturn in the industry, the NGOs are found to cut cost and increase their fundraising effort. In fact, the economic downturn has also reduced the support from the major supporters and even from the government. On the other hand, the demand for community services has increased. From the report, it has been observed that 65% of the NGOs has found an increase in the demand of their service. Competition: The NGOs are finding more times in spending with the partners in order to manage their relationship. The NGOs always wanted to remain in a long term relationship so that they can get help from their partners whenever necessity arises. Good Cycles has turned two years old and at the same time, it has also redirected new competitors and challenges for itself. The competitors could be the other NGOs in Melbourne. These are Beyondblue, Oxfam Australia, Philanthropy Australia Inc, Marie Stopes International Australia and others (Heraldsun.com.au 2017). In addition to this, the increasing impact of technology has also resulted in great competition as more people are shifting their preferences from bicycles to other vehicles. Company/Product Good Cycles work in big workshops and ware houses and has appointed diverse skilled professionals and experts. The main work is to provide service and the repair nad maintenance of bikes and cycles. The company is also working with many disadvantaged people of the community and provide hands-on bike based employment to people. The aim is to create a transition in the bike industry. There are some other bicycle organisations as well that work for a Nobel cause towards the society like the Australian Cyclists Party. Product trends: It has been found that the number of cyclists in Australia has increased in the past decade. From 13% population in 2005, it has increased to 19% who cycled regularly. This equals to 3.7 million people (Cycling.org.au 2016). There are certain factors that actually favour this industry. For instance, the climate of Australia is pleasant enough for a ride. Melbourne has hipster fraternity tooling in the inner city that creates a comprehensive network of cycling path for the cycling enthusiasts. From these instances, it can be easily said that the demand of the product has increased since past time. Customers: The customers of Good Cycles are the bicycle lovers. According to reports, the popularity of bicycles has seen no bounds. The love for bicycles has increased among both men and women. The age groups of these bicycle lovers range from 14 to 35 years. In fact, children and old people are also found to be enthusiasts on buying and riding cycles. On the other part, the company serve those who are needy, that include, refugees, unemployed youths and others. Internal Company analysis: If the level of trust, strength and reputation of the company is taken into account, it has to be said that within a small duration of time, the company has managed to gain much popularity in the market. The members at the management level are all successful and high regarded commuter who are specialised in bicycle retailing, manufacturing or even in the management process. Good Cycles has helped the community in different way by stepping towards eradicating long term unemployment, refugees and asylum seekers. The company has been able to create the belief that bikes can actually change lives. In fact, many of the programs initiated by Good Cycles have been funded by the financial institutions of Australia. Collaborations/Alliance: Good Cycles has been found to make alliance with a number of schools, colleges and even rehabilitation centres to help those who are in distress. The organisation is often found to come up with programs where bicycles play a major role (Goodcycles.org 2017). In such cases, the organisation is found to collaborate with other organisations as well; such as, in schools or Universities where people use bicycles as a means of transport. Otherwise, there is no such alliance with any other organisation Opportunities and Issues Analysis Strengths: The reputation of the company and positive response of the consumers have been strengths to the particular organisation. Good Cycles has been working for a number of vital social reasons that made it acceptable among the population of the country. Weaknesses: The economic distress around the globe has resulted in the change in the mindset of the people. The introduction and changes in the taxes and superannuation has brought new guidelines to the business and made it tougher for the organisations to survive (Abc.net.au 2017). The organisation also has limited numbers of investors and their work is financed from the commercial benefits gained by selling the products. Opportunities: The Not for profit organisations have gained positive impact on the economic downturn because this has increased the focus on good governance and management of risks and reserves. In fact, the NGOs have gained financial opportunities as well (Ass.gov.au 2017). The increased demand of this sector has created the opportunity of making partnership with other organisations that would ultimately result in recruiting better and skilled labour. Threats: The ongoing issues related to managing the budget of the not for profit organisations can be a major threat to the organisation. The increasing numbers of other not-for-profit organisations that work on other social issues are also a threat to the organisation as more investors can shift their choice of investment to others. Key issues summary: The issues that the organisation might face are related to the ongoing confusion of the economic distress around the globe. The expenses of the organisation might exceed of what is spend on the charitable and non-profit works. This will result in the decline of the overall profitability of the organisation and ultimately the organisation might have to suffer. Strategic/Business Objectives The present business strategy is to create awareness about the cause that the organisation focuses on. At the same time, increase its financial condition that the money can be used for the purpose of carrying out the non-profit activities. The strategic business objectives are: Financial objectives: To increase the revenue of the company by 3% in the coming 12 months. Objectives To create awareness among the people of Melbourne to use bicycles as a vehicle for transport for short distances To improve the image of the organisation as a social enterprise that works for the benefit of the society Market Strategies Good Cycles, the charity and social enterprise was founded on the realisation that bicycles can change the lives of people and can also help in alleviating a wide range of social issues that prevails in the society. This social enterprise has come up with many other promotional strategies that have actually helped the organisation to create an image in the society where it works. This particular marketing strategy has aimed at another social issue, obesity that has created major health concern around the world (Goodcycles.org 2017). The main aim of this marketing strategy is compel the target population to use bicycles to improve their health. Cycling for 30 mins regularly will help them to remain fit and create an obesity free society. The campaign can be named as RIDE FOR YOUR HEALTH campaign. Segmentation and Targeting: The campaign shall be targeted to people of all the ages because it has been found that obesity also occur among the children and not only to the adults. Thus, the campaign should encourage the target group from aged 14 years to 45 years, including both male and female. The economic condition of the target group of people needs not to be very high as a bicycle is easily affordable by all (Kumar et al. 2013). The people of Melbourne are the primary target group of people but the success of the campaign can also target other places of Australia as well. Positioning: In order to differentiate this particular organisation from the other, it is recommended that the campaign shall bring the idea that cycling is good for ones health and it also contributes towards making the planet a better place for living. With the depletion of natural resources, it is important to save resources as well. The idea is also that when one buys a bicycle from Good Cycles, the person is benefitted in terms of his health as cycling can help them overcome obesity; and at the same time a small contribution is used for the purpose of improving the environment. Marketing Mix Product: The products to be sold are bicycles. The bicycles are available in different types depending on the styles and speed that the bicycles offer. Place: As mentioned the promotional activity will be carried on in Melbourne. Since, the digital and new media is also involved in the process of promotion the promotion might even reach at other places of Australia as well. Price: Depending on the features of the bicycles, the price range also varies. The expected price of the bicycles from Good Cycles starts from $350 and can reach up to $3500 as well. Promotion: The promotion will be carried on for a period of 12 months and shall aim at creating a buzz among the people that their small effort can help them to fight obesity and at the same time they can contribute towards the environment as well. The promotion will follow social media marketing largely but there will be other promotional means like cycling marathon, trade show, sponsorship in some events and others. The promotion technique will be highly focused on the social media marketing as well. The Facebook page and the Twitter account will have to remain active and there should be continuous posting on these pages. The posts shall be related to the benefits of cycling and how Good Cycles can help in improving the health of the one who rides the cycle. Focus has to be made towards the increasing cases of obesity. In addition to this, there will be press releases and event shows as well every three or four months where the organisation will come up with their promotional idea (Sheth and Sisodia 2015). The online promotion will include writing blogs and articles on the importance of cycling as a means of fighting against obesity. The idea of the social media marketing is to share the promotional content and reach out the maximum number of people as possible. Action Programs Budget: Campaign types Quantity Per Unit Cost Total Cost Banner ads 30.00 $150.00 $4,500.00 Newspaper ad 120.00 $50.00 $6,000.00 In-store marketing 50.00 $200.00 $10,000.00 POP 50.00 $170.00 $8,500.00 Public Events 12.00 $1,500.00 $18,000.00 Sponsorship 6.00 $5,500.00 $33,000.00 Press Releases 12.00 $100.00 $1,200.00 Client Events 12.00 $150.00 $1,800.00 Content marketing $ 50,000.00 Social media marketing $ 70,000.00 Online marketing $ 45,000.00 Television marketing $ 50,000.00 Radio marketing $ 20,000.00 Total $ 318, 000 Table: Proposed Budget of the marketing plan (Source: As created by the author) Specific Programs and timing Activities Jan Feb March April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Social media marketing Television marketing Radio Marketing Online marketing Sponsorship Client meeting Press release Table: Marketing Plan Calendar (Source: As created by the author Programming calendar: Activities Jan Feb March April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Set out marketing objectives Hire the marketing professionals Start with the various marketing processes Taking feedback of the marketing process Making changes if required Carry on with the plan Measure the success of the plan Table: Programming Calender (Source: As created by the author) Financials: The success of the marketing plan will definitely help to achieve the objectives of the marketing plan. It is expected that the revenue of the organisation will increase by 20% with a 25% increase in the sales figure of the bicycles and other services offered by the organisation. Controls: The success of the marketing plan can only be known only the complete process will be monitored process. Some of the key performance indicators of the success of the plan are: Increase in the sales of the bicycles: If the sales rate increases once the marketing plan starts, it can be expected that the plan has been successful and the sales of the bicycles will increased by at least 20%. Increased rate of response over social media: The marketing plan will also be based on the social media marketing and so it is expected that there will be huge response on the social media like Facebook, Twitter. In addition to this, since the online marketing includes blogs and articles, the response can be gained from those posts as well. Better consumer satisfaction: The customer satisfaction survey can be carried on that will reveal the satisfaction level of the consumers. It is expected that the idea of the marketing plan will be accepted by the people and that the complete marketing plan will be a successful one. In order to keep a check of the entire marketing and communication process, it is expected to keep getting feedback of the entire marketing process and to make changes whenever required. Reflection: The outcome of the analysis can be counted on the success of the marketing plan as proposed here for Good Cycles. It has been understood that at the timed of coming up with a marketing plan, the elements of the marketing mix are not the only factors that should be taken into consideration but one needs to conduct a detailed market analysis as well because the proposed plan depend on the market where the particular organisation operates. The market analysis involves both the internal and the external market. Checking the political, economic and other social factors before commencing for any marketing plan is important so that the organisation would not face any trouble while carrying out the marketing. Analysing the competitive environment holds equal importance as people should be given the opportunity to distinguish a brand from the other existing in the same market. The financial plan and the budget of the marketing plan are equally important for a marketing plan because the cost of marketing should not exceed the profit margin of the organisation. So, the marketing plan should always be made abiding by the budget that has been allocated for the particular purpose. Considering the target group of people is another important factor because not everyone can be targeted by using the same media. The plan that has been proposed here is expected to bring better outcome because people are becoming more conscious about their health and their planet as well. Moreover, as it has been found that the craze for bicycles has increased in the recent time that would definitely contribute towards the success of this marketing plan. It is expected that people will understand the value of riding bicycles and would purchase a one that would make the plan a successful one. In case of recommendations to be suggested for this marketing plan, it can be said that the frequency of the marketing process should be increased that would keep reminding people about their contribution towards their health and society. The message that will be delivered should be easier for the people to understand that they can relate it with themselves and can contribute towards the cause. The complete marketing plan should be based on the financial plan because increase in the budget of the plan can result in failure of the entire marketing process. On the completion of this task, I have understood how the marketing process for an organisation actually works and what the factors that needs to be considered before framing a marketing plan. This would definitely help me in future as I would like to pursue my career in the marketing field only. While doing this marketing strategy, I have also gone through many case studies that have contributed equally to my knowledge and ability. I can easily relate the theoretical understanding with the practical factors after the completion of this study. I hope that these knowledge will definitely help me in my future and become a stair towards my success. References: Abc.net.au 2017 Australia's economy: The Murphy's Law forecast for 2017 Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-01-06/murphys-law-guide-to-australian-economy/8163918 [Accessed on: 14-8-2017] Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M. and Brennan, R., 2015.Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Ass.gov.au 2017 Impact of the Economic Downturn on Not-for-Profit Organisation Management Available at: https://www.dss.gov.au/our-responsibilities/communities-and-vulnerable-people/publications-articles/impact-of-the-economic-downturn-on-not-for-profit-organisation-management?HTML [Accessed on: 14-8-2017] Australia.gov.au 2017 Non-profit organisations Available at: https://www.australia.gov.au/information-and-services/business-and-industry/abn-acn-business-management/non-profit-organisations [Accessed on: 14-8-2017] Baker, M.J., 2014.Marketing strategy and management. Palgrave Macmillan. 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Practice prize winnercreating a measurable social media marketing strategy: increasing the value and ROI of intangibles and tangibles for hokey pokey.Marketing Science,32(2), pp.194-212. Sheth, J.N. and Sisodia, R.S., 2015.Does marketing need reform?: Fresh perspectives on the future. Routledge. Solomon, M.R., 2014.Consumer behavior: Buying, having, and being(Vol. 10). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Wilken, M.F., MacDonald, J.C., Erickson, G.E., Klopfenstein, T.J., Schneider, C.J., Luebbe, K.M. and Kachman, S.D., 2015. Marketing strategy influences optimum marketing date of steers in relation to corn price and days on feed1.The Professional Animal Scientist,31(3), pp.224-236

Corporate Governance Regulations

Question: In light of recent share market volatility and problems with disclosure of corporate debt by listed entities, do corporate governance framworks need to be revised and strengthend? Answer: Introduction In this report, its discussed about the corporate governance of Australia, the core principles of the corporate governance, and most important the corner stones of the corporate governance. For understanding this completely, first we need to understand the stock market volatility and disclosure of the corporate debt. To verify whether the corporate governance rules are appropriate for the current volatility of the stock market and the problems relate to the disclosure of the debts. Thus, for that, first it is important to understand the current corporate governance practices. The approach related to the corporate governance practices are also important. Corporate governance Corporate governance is actually a systematic process by which the corporate sector and the companies of corporate sector are directed and controlled. These processes help in generating the wealth and capacity of the company. Large corporations provide the employment opportunities to various people. The corporate governance process should ensure that the companies work in the legal way and proper manner according to the aspirations of the stakeholders and expectation of the society. Core Principles of Corporate governance The core principles of corporate governance are as follows: 1. Management of every company should have the freedom for executives to run their enterprise for growth but for effective accountability, the freedom of management should be framed in limitations so that the legal exercises should be managed properly. 2. The management of any company should be empowered from the corporate governance. It should also balance and check the activities related to the management of the companies. The main principle of the corporate governance is to create a balance between company and the stakeholder and help in managing a legal and strong relationship. This also ensures that the management of the company is not misusing its powers. Thus, the principles of the corporate governance include the creation of legal values between company and its stakeholders. Corner Stones of Corporate governance The cornerstones of the corporate governance are as follows: Trusteeship Large organisations have various purposes like social and economic. Any organization is a group of various people. Stakeholders, employees and other capital providers are the main group of people but the responsibility of the trusteeship generally lies on the board of directors of the company. Board of members have the responsibility to enhance the value of shareholders and protect them from any discrepancy. Transparency The companys activities and policies should be clear to all those who are related to the company. Therefore, the transparency includes disclosing of all the data and activities which is necessary without considering the companys strategic interest. The relationship of company and employee is actually an internal transparency of the company. Transparency helps in managing and enhancing the accountability. This also helps to strengthen the relationship between the company and other entities of the company. Empowerment and Accountability According to the empowerment, the management must be free to run their enterprise forward. Empowerment actually helps in using the actual potential of employees according to their interest and objective. Empowerment creates the opportunity of innovation and helps to enhance the creativity within the organization. This helps the organization to use their decision making power up to the required level according to the need of the organization. Accountability should be a property of the members of board of directors in an organization for the shareholders. When both the empowerment and accountability mix together then it will create various opportunities for the organization to grow even in this competitive market. Control Control is the core principle of corporate governance. According to the principle of control, the freedom of management should be framed in certain limitations for the purpose of checking and balancing various activities. The misuse of powers can be prevented by the control. This also helps in managing the response change, timely. It also ensures that the management of the business risk is performing effectively and pre- emptily. Ethical Corporate Citizenship According to the Ethical corporate citizenship, corporates have the responsibility to create and manage the ethical behaviour for the company. These ethical behaviour should be imposed on both internal and external relationships (Daily Rackoning, 2014). Stock Market Volatility Stock market volatility defines the fluctuation of the stock market. When in one day the stock market goes up and another day it goes down, this process of going up and down of the stock market is volatility. Stock market volatility depends on various factors. The corporate governance law also affects the volatility of the stock market. The various factors of corporate governance laws help in managing and controlling the volatility of stock. In terms of stock market volatility, the corporate governance laws manages the legal issues related to corporate sector. The management of the company is free to take decision but they need to consider the overall growth of the company rather than personal profit. The decision should also consider the legal issues related to the motive of the decision. Thus, the corporate governance law helps the organization in making a right decision for the growth of the company by not allowing the management to misuse their powers. Thus, it also affects the stock value of the companies (ISSAI, 2014). Thus, corporate governance laws affect the stock market volatility by preserving the legal rights for the stake holders of the organisation by preventing the misuse of the powers by the board of members in the company. Disclosure of corporate debt by listed entities It is very important to gain the knowledge of corporate debts by stakeholders of the organizations as these help the stakeholders to gain the overall knowledge about the organization. These also help in reducing the risk for the stakeholders by various means but it is also important to get a proper corporate debt report from the company. Without a proper and clear report, the stakeholders may not be able to identify the situation of the organization very well. Thus, there may be following problems in disclosure of the corporate debt. 1. The corporate debts disclosed by the company should be clear and should have all the details. 2. The details of the boards, experience of board, committees included in the decision making of various processes. Policies and the processes should be mentioned clearly and fully by the management of the organization. 3. The summary statement from the company should also be included into the debt report of the organization. This report should also include the statement from the company that they are following the corporate government laws specified by the ASX (ICAE, 2013). Current corporate governance Practices Current corporate governance practices are very much successful up to a satisfactory extent but there needs to be some changes in the corporate governance laws of Australia. The current corporate governance practices in Australia is divided into eight principles and recommendations. First principle for the corporate governance is to create a solid foundation for oversight and management; this means that the company should disclose the responsibility of the management and the leading board of the organization with their respective roles and responsibility within the organization. This law defines who is their decision making team and what are their roles and responsibility in the organization. The second principle for the corporate governance is that the structure of the board also affects the organizations growth in the market. This principle defines that the board of the companies should consist of enough members according to the size of the organization. This principle also defines that each part of the board should be committed to responsibility and duty towards the organization. The third principle of the corporate governance is that the organization should promote the responsible decision making and ethical values of the company. This principle actually describes that the organization should have their own ethical values for their stakeholders, employees and society which will help the organization in running in a proper and legal way. The organization should also promote these values and decisions within the organizations and among stakeholders. The fourth principle of corporate governance of Australia is for creating the safeguard integrity in the financial reporting. According to this principle of corporate governance, the structure of company should be verified independently and with safeguard integrity in financial report. This principle is mainly related to the financial report of the company. According to this principle, the board should establish a special committee for creating a financial report of the organization. The fifth principle of the corporate governance law is related to the balanced and timely disclosure of the reports. According to this principle of the corporate governance the organization should disclose their balanced report with all the required material on time. This will help the organization in gaining the faith and trust of the stakeholders. The companies should create the written policies and present those policies to the stakeholders. This time period of disclosing the policies should depend on the size of the organization. Some companies publish quarterly, some half yearly and some yearly. The sixth principle of corporate governance is really important as this principle is related to the laws related to share holder. This principle states that the rights of the shareholders should be reserved; an organization should respect the laws and rights of the shareholders. These should not only respect the rights of the shareholders but also create the awareness about it. These rights should also be mentioned in the report disclosed by the organization. The seventh principle of the corporate governance is related to the management and identification of the risk associated in various decision making. According to this principle, the company should establish a system of risk management and internal control within the organization which identifies the various types of risks associated for the current situation and finds the solution for that. These risk and solutions associated with these risks should be reported to the shareholders in the published report. The final principle of the corporate governance is related to the fair and responsible remuneration. According to this principle of the corporate governance, reasonable and sufficient remuneration should be levelled and composited by the companies. This clears the relationship and performance of the company with the shareholders (ASX, 2014). Thus, by analysing the above principles, it can be clearly said that the Australian corporate governance is clearly working efficiently in Australia. The laws and regulations are helping very much but these frameworks can be more effective by implementing and adding more limitations. The first point that can be added to Australian corporate governance is that the time of disclosing the debts should be fixed by the corporate governance. The laws related to the rights of the shareholders should be stricter as these laws may not work in some cases. Some more situations in defining the corporate governance should be considered. These will help in making the law more successful and managed. Approaches to corporate governance Corporate governance uses various approaches to balance the corporate activities. These approaches help in managing the various types of corporate organizations and help in managing the corporate activities related to these organizations. These approaches also help in developing the system to fulfil the objectives of the corporate governance like creating a legal bridge between the stakeholders of the company and the leading management of the organization. Thus, this topic helps in getting a raw image of these approaches for corporate governance. Regulatory Approaches The primary method of Australia that used to regulate information privacy is principle-based regulation. Principle means general rules that expresses the fundamental obligation. It focuses on process to outcomes. Process means action that firms must take and outcomes means the result that requires from firms to achieve. Secondly, a regulatory approach base of it is using prescriptive rules can provide regulation a greater clarity, that make regulated entity to determine rules, it must comply minimum standards of compliance. In turn, these can straightaway be accountable for the regulatory system away from the persons being regulated. Product innovation and hand-on technology can be dead hand, this rule-based regulations are contrary to assentation of clarity and certainty. Self-Regulatory Approaches The first approach that was adopted by the Australian corporate governance was the self - regulatory approach. Profit maximization and economic liberalism inspired the self regulation approach. This profit maximization and economic liberalism was emerged in the developed countries. These countries mainly belonged to the Europe. This approach was first developed in the 20th century. According to the self regulatory approach of Australian corporate governance, the governance guidelines, code of conducts, reports and governance guidelines creates the base for creating the environment of self - regulated market. A set of best recommendation of practices according to the structure of a company and behaviour of the company were set as guidelines and codes for the self regulatory approach. According to the self regulatory approach the market itself imposes the necessary sanctions related to the market. This approach of corporate governance looks as a perfect solution (Anreadakis, 2014). According the self regulatory approach, the market itself defines the necessary limitations and recommendations for the market and organizations. This approach also has various faults but it was a best modern approach in the 20th century. This was proved to be a most liberal version after completion of deregulation of regulation. Thus, the self regulatory approach helps the corporate governance in managing the better relationship of shareholders and management of the organisation. Conclusion The report is based on the various studies and research. The above report is basically on the Australian corporate governance. The Australian Corporate governance manages the relationship between the shareholders and the management of the companies. It basically follows the various principles for effectively managing the rights of shareholders and the management of the organization. The principles of the Australian corporate governance considers each and every factor and situation related to the legal laws and regulations related to the organizations and stakeholders of the organizations. The corporate governance helps to handle the stock market volatility and the problems related to disclosure of corporate debts. This is very essential to disclose the corporate debts for stakeholders. References ASX (2014). Corporate governance Principles and recommendations [online]. Available at:. ICAEW (2013). When is comply or explain the right approach [online]. Andreadakis, Stelios (2012). Research Notes: Regulatory or Non- Regulatory Corporate governance: A dilemma Between statute and codes of best Practice [online]. Daily Reckoning (2014). Measuring Stock Market Volatility [online]. Issai (2014). Guidance on definition and disclosure of public debt [online].